Tasmania is an Island at southeastern of continental Australia, whose area is approximately
68 000 square kilometers and whose climate is quite warm almost the entire year.
Tasmania is also an administrative state of Australia, with a population of about
480 000 people. This island is separated from the continental Australia by the Bass
Strait. The entire Tasmania Island is considered a wonder by the Australian people,
because of its great and unique natural richness; therefore, Tasmania is also called
the “Natural State”, the “Island of Inspiration”, the “Holiday Isle” or the “Island
of Rejuvenation”.
Almost a third of the Tasmanian territory is occupied by World Heritages Sites and
National Parks. Tasmania is one of the major tourist attractions of the country.
Tasmania owns a wonderfully diverse vegetation, which includes some of the most
representative Australian species, such as grazed grassland, evergreen eucalypt,
the Huon pine, the Tasmanian Waratah, the Flying Duck Orchid and the Tasmanian Blue
Gum (the state floral symbol). Besides, large areas of the island are covered by
cool temperate rainforests and moorlands. Tasmania has some of the oldest trees
of the
world. There are several tall Huon Pines that are more than 2000 years old.
Some of these trees reach 90 meters high (300 feet).
Tasmania has been also home of a great number of unique animal species, such as
the Thylacine (Tasmanian tiger), a peculiar marsupial with look of wild dog that
was the largest carnivorous marsupial, which was extinct in 1936. However, the most
representative specie of the Tasmanian fauna is definitely the world famous Tasmanian
devil, a carnivorous marsupial, which can be found only in this island. The famous
Tasmanian devil, made famous by the cartoons, is a small animal that looks as a
small muscular dog with black fur and white patches. Unlike the cartoons, the Tasmanian
devil is not a great predator. It is mainly a scavenger with a vicious temperament
and a loud disturbing growl. Unfortunately, like several other native species, the
construction of roads and the presence of vehicles are damaging the habitat of this
unique animal, whose population is decreasing dramatically because of the human
pressure and a widespread facial tumor disease that is killing most Tasmanian devils.
Tasmania is also inhabited by many species of birds and frogs. Amongst birds, it
highlights species such as, the Tasmanian Thornbill, the Forty-spotted Pardalote,
the Dusky Robin, the Black Currawong, the Tasmanian native-hen or the Green Rosella.
Whereas, amongst the frogs, it highlights the Tasmanian Tree frog, the Tasmanian
Froglet, the Growling Grass Frogs and the Moss Froglet.
Tasmania is a beautiful island that allures the visitors with its rugged shorelines,
beautiful mountains, sparkling highland lakes, spectacular scarps, mild rain forest,
exuberant beaches, gurgling rivers, beautiful coves and unique biodiversity. Some
of the most important landmarks of Tasmania are: the Mount Wellington, the Hobart
Foreshore, the Cradle Mountain, the central Tasmanian Highlands, the Bay of Fires,
the Dove Lake, the Bruny Island, the Honeymoon Bay and the Freycinet National Park.
Tasmania is also a great destination to practice many recreation activities such
as bushwalking, boating, fishing, cycling, surfing and white-water rafting.
History
Many scientists think that Australia was part of the Continental Australian territory
until the last glacial period, which occurred 10 000 years ago. Nevertheless, the
first human groups arrived to Tasmania 35 000 years ago, when the island was still
joined to the continent; later the sea water level increased and Tasmania became
an island separated from the current continent. When British people arrived to Tasmania
in 1803; it estimates that Tasmania was inhabited by around 10 000 people, a quantity,
relatively small. This aborigine people of Tasmania were divided into 9 ethnic groups;
but, only 83 years later, in 1883, the aborigine population was only 300 people
and most ethnic groups had disappeared. Most Tasmanian natives died because of the
war, violent persecutions and diseases brought by Europeans.
The Cradle Mountain in Tasmania
Europeans discovered Tasmania on November 24, 1642, when the Dutch explorer Abel
Tasman (whom the Island owes its name) saw the Island for first time. After Tasman,
many other European explorers passed by the Island, amongst them the Captain
James Cook, one of the most important personages of the Australian history.
Nevertheless, the first European settlement in Tasmania was established in 1803
at Ridson Cove, in order to protect the island against a likely French invasion.
But, the main settlement of Tasmania was established as a penal colony, in a place that later became known as Hobart Town, which was called some years later Hobart,
this settlement became the most important city of Tasmania and is currently the
capital of the Tasmania State.
Like most places in Australia, Tasmania was early inhabited, during the colonial
period, by military guards and convicts. These first colonizers were dedicated to
develop the agriculture and other industries in the Island. Traditionally, the main
economical activities of Tasmania, have been the agriculture, the mining of iron,
tin, copper and zinc as well as the forestry and the production of merino wool.
During the XX century Tasmania became one of the most exotic tourist destinations
of Australia. Because of its amazing natural richness; many natural reserves were
created in the Island. Unfortunately, in 1967, the island was seriously
affected by fires, which destroyed many zones of the Islands, causing the death of many people
and natural species, as well as great material losses. In the 1990s, a declination
in the Tasmanian industries caused a migration to the Continental Australia; nevertheless,
since 2001 Australia has experienced a great economical prosperity, which has reached
also Tasmania. There are many cheaper air flights and ferries that allow to reach
Tasmania from cities, such as Melbourne or Sidney. This great transport offer has
contributed to the generation of a tourism boom in this wonderful Island.